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BERLIN.
pleasant oasis here. Farther out is the Central Slaughter House,
with its attendant industries.
The Northern Quarter was from 1860 to 1880 the seat of great
machine works and foundries. Since then the manufactories have been
transferred to the N.W. as far as the neighbourhood of Tegel, and the
buildings containing the Physical Science Schools and their collec¬
tions now stand on the site of the old royal iron-foundry. In the
extreme N. are the suburbs of Pankow and Nieder-Schonhausen.
— The North-West Quarter is being given over more and more
to barracks, courts-of-law, medical institutes, and hospitals. The
district of Moabit is surrounded by them, while the Hansa
Quarter (p. 176), which lies beyond the Spree and adjoins the park
of Schloss Bellevue, can boast of several streets of high-class
residences.
The Western Quarter is the favourite residence of the well-to-
do inhabitants on account of its proximity to the Tiergarten. In
place of the large park and small villas which once surrounded
the woods, the aristocratic Tiergarten Quarter has arisen since
1850, with its handsome villas, gardens, and private roads, stretch¬
ing on the S. to the Landwehr Canal and on the W. to the Zoological
Garden. The gardens, however, are gradually disappearing before
the encroachments of bricks and mortar, the ground to the S. of the
canal being almost entirely built over. In the Potsdamer-Strasse
the business life of the Leipziger-Strasse extends as far as Schone¬
berg. The Kurfiirsten-Damm, a magnificent street beginning on the
S. side of the Zoological Garden, runs to the S.W. to the Grune¬
wald. The surroundings of the Grunewald (p. 184), which marches
with Halensee, are given over to villas. To the N. the W. end of
Berlin borders on Charlottenburg, to the S. on Schoneberg and
Wilmersdorf, the space once intervening between the city and
these suburbs being now entirely built over.
Almost every part of Berlin offers a pleasing picture. Its streets
enjoy a model cleanliness, and a system of main drainage, radiating
in twelve directions, carries off all its sewage to distant fields.
There are few dark lanes or alleys even in the old part of the city.
Nearly all the newer houses have balconies, gay in summer with
flowers and foliage. The public squares are embellished with gar¬
dens, monuments, and fountains, and the newer churches also are
generally surrounded by small pleasure-grounds. Numerous bridges
are beautified-by sculpture. The centres of traffic, such as the
Jannowitz-Brucke, the Trebbiner-Strasse, the Lehrte Station, etc.,
with their network of railway-lines, and the navigation on the river,
offer scenes of remarkable animation.