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172 Section 10. BERLIN. Kreuzberg.
Turnvater' (father of gymnastics), by Encke (1872). The pedestal is
formed of stones sent by German gymnastic societies in all parts of
the world. The first gymnasium ground, founded by Jahn in 1811,
was situated to the S. on the site of the present Karlsgarten.
Rixdorf (Deutsche* Wirtshaus, Berg-Str. 137; Bergschloss, see p. 11),
a suburb which attained to the dignity of a town in 1899, now num¬
bers upwards of lcn.ono inhabitants. It is served by the stations of Rix¬
dorf and Hermann-Str.issi', on the Siid-Ring; and by tramways (pp. 15-22)
Nos. 7, 15, 22, 28, 29, 30, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53, 55, 58, 94, I, II, and V. -
An equestrian statue of Emp. William I., by M. Wolff, was erected in
I9o2 on the Hohenzollern-Platz. Remains of antediluvian animals have
been discovered on the heights (Rollbergej of Rixdorf. — To the S. Rix¬
dorf is adjoined by the village of Britz (12,000 inhab.), with extensive
cultivation of roses; tramways Nos. 29, 55, and I.
The Belle-Ai.liance-Strasse (PL G, 24, 23), which diverges
from the Bliicher-Platz to the S., passes farther on a little to the
left of the Kreuzbcrq and ascends to the Tempelhofer Feld (see
p. 173).
The Kreuzberg may be reached direct by tramways Nos. 34-38; also
by N.'x 2. 41, 13, 96, 97, I, II, and V.
The Kreuzberg (PI. G, 21, 241 is the highest eminence (203 ft.)
in the S. portion of the Spree basin. The Victoria Park, laid out on
the slope of the hill in Innn-94, contains a Waterfall in an artificial
rocky ravine, which rims s hrs. daily from May 1st to Oct. 15th, and
is illuminated for 2 hrs. every Wed. and Sat. evening. The falling
waters are distinctly visible far down the Grossbeeren-Str. In the
basin at the foot of the fall is a bronze group ('The strange fish')
by Her/er, and in the grounds are six marble herm* of national
poets (Korner, Riickcrt, Uhland, Schenkendorf, Kleist, Arndt).
The National Monument of the War of Liberation,
on the top of the Kreuzberg, is an iron obelisk in the Gothic style,
originally 65 ft. high, designed bv Schinkel, and inaugurated in
1*21. In 1*7* it was raised 24 ft. and placed on a bastion-like sub-
st nictuiv. In the niches of the monument are 12 figures, by Raiwh,
Tieck, and Wichiuann the Younger, symbolising the chief victories;
Most of these are portraits; the battle'of Bar-sur-Aube, for instance,
is represented by a symbolical figure bearing the features of the
subsequent Emperor William I. — From this point a splendid *View
of Berlin is obtained, especially on Sundays when the atmosphere is
free from smoke. The Grossbeeren-Strasse stretches due N. from the
foot of the hill; to the left of it is the central hall of the Anhalt
Station, with the Gnaden-Kirche, the Reichstags-Gebaude, and the
Column of Victory in the distance: somewhat nearer we seethe
Central Station and triangle of lines of the Electric Elevated Rail¬
way the Luther-Kirche, the Charlottenburg Rathaus, and the Emp.
William Memorial Church; to the W. lie the Grunewald and Steg¬
litz lo the right of the Grossbeeren-Str. rise the domed towers
in the Gendarmen-Markt and the Hedwigs-Kirche, then the Ca-